Tea is a source of natural color. Extraction of colored as a byproduct will make tea more remunerative. This study suggested the optimal conditions for natural color Extraction from black tea Waste. Tea manufacture Waste was used in different concentration of solvent ethanol: water (50:50, 30:70, 10:90, and 0:100), time (30, 60, and 90 min) and temperature (20, 50, and 80°C). Factorial experiment with three factors (solvent, time and temperature) was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications. Extracted color was used in jelly compared to commercial color. According to the results, the total color extracted from 50:50 ethanol: water at 80°C was more than the other conditions (p ≤0.01). In 80°C, time has no significant effect on color Extraction in different solvent ratios. Extracted color had antioxidant activity in compared to commercial color. The taste of jelly colored by extracted color was no significant difference in compared with the jelly colored by commercial color (p≤0.05). Although the difference in outward appearance was easily detected by panelists, they preferred tea extracted color jelly in compared to commercial colored.

In the fisheries industry, compared to other food industries, a large volume of byproducts such as bone, skin, and viscera are produced, which are costly to treat and dispose of in the environment. The rapid growth of tilapia and its marketability have also been considered. The value of proteins as the main source of amino acids in human health has been proven. In addition to their nutritional value, proteins have biological functions. These proteins show their functions through bioactive peptides. Production methods of bio peptides affect their biological activity. The articles showed that the use of enzymatic hydrolysis method for therapeutic applications makes them more stable than fermentation and solvent Extraction methods and is a safer method than the other two methods. Bioactive peptides have physiological effects such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, etc. and have many applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries and can be added to the food industry. The purpose of this article is to review the Extraction of bioactive peptides from fish Waste.

Background and Aim: Although orthodontists have long recognized that the Extraction (Ext) of premolars often is accompanied by changes in the soft tissue profile, investigations indicate that the soft tissue does not always respond favorably to hard-tissue retraction. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of treatment, with and without premolar Ext, on the lateral facial profiles of borderline patients with particular reference to the curvature of the upper and lower lips.Materials & Methods: Eighty-nine border line patients were included in this study. 41 patients were treated with a non-Extraction (Non-Ext) protocol, 16 patients were treated with Extractions of 5.5, 18 patients with 4.4 and 14 patients with 4.5. All pre-and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were traced and analysis by one examiner. To quantify the soft tissue effects of growth and treatment, the depths of the upper and lower lip curves were calculated in two ways relative to the PM reference line and anterior soft tissue reference line.Results: The changes in depth of upper and lower lip curves were statistically significant (P<0.001).The Non-Ext group showed an increase in depth of upper and lower lip curves, whereas the Ext group showed a decrease in depth of upper and lower lip curves. No significant differences were found between the various Extraction sequences (5.5, 4.4, 4.5) for depth of the upper and lower lip curves changes.Conclusions: l) The upper and lower lip changes were significant; more retrusive in the Ext group and more protrusive in the Non-Ext group. 2) There were no significant post treatment differences in the depths of upper and lower lip curves between premolar Extraction sequences.

The potential of tobacco Waste as a viable source of medicinally important flavonoids like rutin has been investigated. Three flavonoids, apigenin, quercetin and rutin, have been isolated from Waste tobacco leaves, and their identities have been confirmed by UV-visible, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. By using analytical HPLC, the amount of rutin present in the tobacco leaves, before and after fermentation, and also in Waste tobacco leaves, has been determined as 1.5, 0.5 and 0.6%, respectively.

The coal Wastes of Zarand coal washing Plant are accumulated in near of this plant. The rate of extractable Alumina from the coal Waste ash is about 27%. The amount of these Wastes estimated about 107tons which about 1000 tons are added to them daily. In this study Alumina was extracted from Wastes using: Lime-soda sintering, leaching of sinter, desilication of leaching solution, carbonation of desilicate solution with CO2 and precipitation of Al(OH)3 calcined Al(OH)2 processes respectively. The optimum condition achieved for each process as fallows: 1-Sinteringprocess; mol ratio of CaO/SiO2 =1.8. Na2O/Al2O3=1.3 in raw materials, particle size of raw materials: 12.5 % residual of 170 mesh sieve, time=35 minutes, temperature= 1275°C, sinter blain = 250 m2/kg. 2-Leaching process; solvent: NaOH 5.6 g/l solution, solid-liquid ratio =2, time=30 minutes and temperature=60°C 3-Desilication process; reagent: Ca(OH)2 10 g/l suspension, liquid - liquid ratio = 2, time=15 minutes, temperature: environmental temperature. 4-Carbonation process; amount of CO2 for Alumina precipitation in 250ml of 16.5 g/l Alumina solution: 1 liter/minutes for 20 minutes.5- Calcinations of AL(OH)3; temperature= 1250°C, time 30 minutes. The results showed that in optimum conditions about 74 % Alumina holding 99 % purification can be extracted from coal Waste ash.

Background & Aim: Extraction of first premolars and their influence on the third molars' eruption and impaction has been of concern to dental profession. The aim of this study, was to determine the relation between the changes of third molar angulation and the first premolar Extraction in orthodontic treatment.Materials and Methods: This analytical study was carried out on total 90 subjects selected from two orthodontic clinics. Forty five subjects (14 males and 31 females) 14.46±1.64 years old treated with Extraction of four first premolars (Extraction group) and the other 45 subjects (13 males, 32 females) 13.9±1.99 years old treated by nonExtraction were studied. Lateral cephalometric and panoramic films were studied before and after treatment. Eight angles in panoramic, four angles and 4 linear variables on the lateral cephalometric films were measured. Age, gender, amount of crowding in both dental arches and treatment duration were matched in the two groups. Student t and chi square Tests were used to analyze the data.Results: The upper eruption space and the lower eruption spaces were more in Extraction group and the difference was significant (P=0.02, P=0.004, P<0.001). The changes of third molar angulation were not significant between the two groups. Eruption rate of the third molars in both arches were more in Extraction group and the difference was significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: Extraction of the first premolars did not influence the changes in the third molar angulation, while it affected the third molar eruption by space creation. It seems that Extraction of the first premolars is not a way for secure eruption of the third molar.